Administrative corruption and mechanisms for measuring the level of corruption in countries
الكلمات المفتاحية:
- Administrative corruption. - types of corruption. - causes of corruption. - indicators of corruption measurement.الملخص
The countries of the world, especially the developing countries, have suffered over the years from the emergence and spread of the phenomenon of corruption and fraud among their societies, administration, and public and private institutions, which hindered development projects in them, and made them falter without achieving the desired goals, which increased the rate of poverty and underdevelopment and many other problems. Methods and indicators by researchers to measure the phenomenon of corruption across the countries of the world and Iraq as a model. The most popular measure for calculating the degree of corruption is currently approved by Transparency International, which issues an annual report that looks at the state of corruption across the world. This indicator relies on perceptual indicators that are derived from Questionnaires prepared in the concerned countries, and based on these indicators, the hierarchical positions of these countries are determined in the list of corruption that is issued every year. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on the nature of administrative corruption, and the most important specific indicators for measuring administrative corruption in order to clarify the vision of the dangers and its degree in countries.
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