The state of emergency and its impact on the principle of legality

Authors

  • Dr. Hashem Hussein Ali . Dr. Hashem Hussein Ali College of Law and Political Science, University of Kirkuk
  • Researcher Anwar Abed Awad . College of Law and Political Science, University of Kirkuk

Abstract

Abstract: The jurisprudence did not agree on a unified definition of the state of emergency, but they agreed that the aim of declaring it is to confront the exceptional dangers that befall the state in order to protect it and maintain its security and safety, The state of emergency is an exceptional legal system that states resort to in the event that they are exposed to a danger that threatens their security and safety, and declaring a state of emergency does not mean the collapse of the principle of legality, but rather the principle expands to be more flexible, To meet exceptional circumstances, And it became clear through the study that there are restrictions on the principle of legality aimed at enabling governments to manage the country in an appropriate manner, as it became clear from our research that there are important guarantees aimed at preserving legality in an appropriate manner.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 © 2023 TUJR, College of Law, Tikrit University

References

First: Arabic dictionaries

_ Jamal Al-Din Muhammad bin Makram bin Manzour, Lisan Al-Arab, 3rd Edition, Dar Sader Beirut, Vol. 1, 1414 AH.

__________________, Lisan Al Arab, 6th edition, Dar Sader Beirut, vol. 9, 1428 AH, p. 98.

Second: Legal books

_d. Ahmed Odeh Al-Ghuwairi, The Judiciary of Cancellation in Jordan, 1st Edition, Amman, 1989.

_d. Anwar Ahmed Raslan, Mediator of Administrative Judiciary, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 1999.

_3d. Zakaria Mohamed Abdel Hamid Mahfouz, The State of Emergency in Comparative Law and the Legislation of the United Arab Republic, Mansha’at al-Maaref, Alexandria, 2000.

_ Dr. Suleiman Al-Tamawi, The General Theory of Administrative Decisions, 2nd Edition, Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, Cairo, 1966.

_d. Sami Gamal El-Din, Necessity Regulations and the Judicial Oversight Guarantee, Mansha’at Al-Maaref, Alexandria, 1982.

__________________, Administrative Judiciary and Oversight of Administrative Activities, New University House, Alexandria 1999.

_ Salah Monem Al-Abdali, Constitutional Guarantees for Human Rights, 1st Edition, Zain Human Rights Publications 2014.

_d. Taima Al-Jarf, The Principle of Legality and the Subordination of Administration to the Law, 3rd Edition, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 1976.

__________________, The Principle of Legality and the Controls of State Submission to Law, Cairo Modern Library, 1963.

_d. Adel Al-Saeed Muhammad Abu Al-Khair, Administrative Police, Dar Al-Fikr University, Alexandria, 2008.

_ Abbas Abdel Amir Ibrahim, Declaration of the State of Emergency and its Effects on Human Rights, Al-Halabi Human Rights Publications, 1st Edition, 2016.

_ Abdel Hamid Al-Shourabi, The Imperfection of Unconstitutionality and the Legitimacy of the Decisions to Declare and Extend the State of Emergency and Military Orders, First Edition, Dar Al Maaref, Alexandria, 2000.

_d. Omar Muhammad Ibrahim, The State’s Authority in Regulating Rights, “A Comparative Study between Islamic Sharia and Positive Law”, 2nd Edition, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, 2008.

_ Omar Muhammad Al-Shobaki, Administrative Judiciary “A Comparative Study”, 1st Edition, House of Culture for Publishing and Distribution, Amman, 2001.

_d. Mohsen Khalil, Lebanese Administrative Judiciary, Arab Renaissance House, Beirut, 1982.

_d. Muhammad Bashir Al-Shafei, International Human Rights Documents, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2004.

_d. Muhammad Refaat Abdel-Wahhab, Administrative Judiciary, Book One, The Principle of Legality and Organization of Administrative Judiciary, Jurisdiction of the State Consultative Council, Al-Halabi Human Rights Publications, 2003.

_ Dr. Muhammad Azza Al-Tai, The Effectiveness of the Federal Government in the Light of the Balance of Powers, 1st Edition, Al-Sanhoury Library, Baghdad, 2016.

_ Mahmoud Hafez, Administrative Judiciary in Egyptian and Comparative Law, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 1993.

_ Fahd Abu Al-Atham, Administrative Judiciary, House of Culture, Amman, 2005.

_d. Yahya El-Gamal, The Theory of Necessity in Constitutional Law, 4th Edition, Dar Al-Nahda Al-Arabiya, Cairo, 2005.

Second: letters and theses

_ Ahmed Ali Hamza Al-Janabi, The Impact of Exceptional Circumstances on Human Rights, Master Thesis, College of Law, University of Babylon, 2006.

_ Hassan Dia Al-Khalkhali, The Theory of Circumstances as an Exception Responding to the Principle of the Supreme Constitution, PhD thesis, College of Law, University of Baghdad, 2006.

_ Haqi Ismail Barbouti, Oversight of the Authority’s Actions Based on the State of Emergency, Ph.D. thesis, Ain Shams University, 1981.

_ Khaled Salam Saeed Shwani, The Impact of the State of Emergency on the Relationship between State Authorities, Master’s Thesis, University of Kirkuk, College of Law and Political Science, 2018.

_ Omar Al-Shobaki, Judicial Oversight of Court Decisions in England compared to the Jordanian System, PhD Thesis, Cairo University, 1988.

_ Abdullah Rahmat Allah Al-Bayati, Right to Litigation, PhD thesis, University of Baghdad, 1988.

_ Omar Muhammad Al-Alawi, Judicial Oversight of Administrative Actions in a State of Emergency, “A comparative study in Jordan and Egypt, Master’s thesis, Mutah University, 2007.

_ Kazem Ali Al-Janabi, The Legislative Powers of the President of the State under Exceptional Circumstances, “A Comparative Study”, Master’s Thesis, College of Law, University of Baghdad, 1995.

_ Muhammad Al-Wakeel, State of Emergency and Administrative Control Authorities, Ph.D. Thissis, Ain Shams University, without a year.

Third: Research and Studies

_ Mustafa Salem Mustafa Al-Nujaifi, The state of emergency and its impact on civil human rights, “a constitutional comparative study in the Iraqi case”, Journal of Legal and Economic Research, Issue (64), 2017.

Fourth: Constitutions and laws

_ The Constitution of the Republic of Iraq for the year 2005.

_ The Constitution of the French Republic of 1958.

_ The Constitution of the Hashemite K ingdom of Jordan for the year 1952.

_ National Safety Defense Order No. 1 of 2004.

Fifthly: Treaties

_ European Convention on Human Rights, 1950.

_ International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 1966.

Published

2024-04-29

How to Cite

., D. H. H. A., & ., R. A. A. A. (2024). The state of emergency and its impact on the principle of legality. TIKRIT UNIVERSITY JOURNAL FOR RIGHTS, 8(1), 237–261. Retrieved from http://tujr.tu.edu.iq/index.php/home/article/view/240